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Autor	Magdalena Cyrek, Piotr Cyrek
Tytuł	DIFFERENCE IN CONSUMPTION BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	consumption, well-being, households, city-countryside
Key words
Abstrakt	Levels of income, consumer expenditure and their structure display significant disproportions between areas of different degrees of urbanisation. These disproportions are reflected both in the objective comparison and subjectively perceived material situation of households. This study contains an assessment of the differences in income and consumption in rural areas and cities of Poland at a national level and in relation to the Subcarpathian Province, as a less developed region. The results of public statistic surveys were supplemented with the results of own research regarding the perception of the situation by the inhabitants of Subcarpathia. The scale of existing socio-economic disproportion in spatial layout and directions of changes in accordance to objective and subjective indicators were identified. The changes in the value of purchases of various types of products, levels of savings and living conditions were addressed. In order to verify the hypothesis of consumption convergence in the city-countryside system, a statistical analysis of national structures was carried out and the differences in change patterns typical for urban and rural households in Subcarpathia were identified. This research allows to conclude that there exist adverse disproportions in rural development and some signs of overcoming them on a national and regional level.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Cyrek M., Cyrek P.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s68.pdf

Autor	Ewa Wasilewska
Tytuł	Starość demograficzna obszarów wiejskich i jej zróżnicowanie
Title	DEMOGRAPHIC AGEING OF RURAL AREAS AND ITS DIVERSITY
Słowa kluczowe	starzenie się ludności, starość demograficzna, miary starości demograficznej, obszary wiejskie, obszary miejskie
Key words	population ageing, demographic ageing, measures of demographic ageing, rural areas, urban areas
Abstrakt	. Celem pracy było określenie przestrzennego zróżnicowania poziomu starości demograficznej oraz określenie dynamiki procesu starzenia się populacji mieszkańców terenów wiejskich na tle przebiegu tego procesu w miastach w Polsce. Badaniami objęto lata 2000-2015. Wykorzystano miary starości demograficznej w ujęciu statycznym i dynamicznym. Stwierdzo­no znaczne zróżnicowanie poziomu starości demograficznej i procesu starzenia się ludności w układzie przestrzennym oraz w przekroju miasto-wieś. Na obszarach wiejskich zaobserwo­wano niższy stopień zaawansowania starości demograficznej oraz mniejszą dynamikę tego procesu aniżeli w miastach.
Abstract	The aim of this paper was denominating of the spatial diversity of the level of demographic ageing and the dynamics of the ageing process of population in the rural areas against the background of this process in cities in Poland. The investigations were conducted for the period of 2000 to 2015. Old age demographic measures were used in static and dynamic terms. There was a considerable variation in the demographic ageing and ageing of the population in the spatial system and in the city-countryside cross-section. A lower level of demographic ageing and a lower dynamics of this process have been observed in rural areas than in cities.
Cytowanie	Wasilewska E. (2017) Starość demograficzna obszarów wiejskich i jej zróżnicowanie.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 3: 75-85
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n3_s75.pdf